Abstract
Background Novel immunotherapy modalities significantly improve survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, CTLA-4-blocking monoclonal antibody ipilimumab is effective only in a small proportion of patients.
Biomarkers for prediction of treatment response are indispensably needed. Objective To determine the utility of multimarker detection of circulating melanoma cells as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab.
Methods Patients (n = 62) with metastatic melanoma in unresectable stage III or metastatic stage IV treated with ipilimumab were recruited prospectively. The values of four melanoma markers on circulating cells Melan-A, gp100, MAGE-3 and melanoma inhibitory antigen prior to the treatment and within the therapy were compared to the data collected at baseline - after the melanoma surgery.
Results The immunotherapy pretreatment marker level was found to be prognostic of overall survival; lower levels were linked to longer survival time. Moreover, longitudinal follow-up of melanoma markers in patients treated with ipilimumab correlates with therapy response.
A decline of marker levels by >30% at week 6 (in 83% of the responding subjects) to week 9 (in all responders) of ipilimumab administration was associated with response to therapy. Elevation of the tumour markers during the treatment precedes clinical progression and gives an early warning of treatment failure.
Conclusion Melanoma circulating cells hold potential as predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarker of immunotherapy.