Abstrakt
The article presents the critical factors of modernization from the sociological (bureaucracy, capitalism, technology, democratization and information media) and theological (loss of gratitude) point of view. It accesses to the deep social transformations in modernity in light of the religious subject which is not simply identical to the "individual secularization".
The author finds the sociological model of secularization limited because this supposes an evolutionary model of history - like in the times of accepting of the secularization thesis. The article also opposes both the widespread conviction that there is a direct interconnection between secularization and the Enlightenment and the identification of modern times with dechristianization.