Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx represents a key component of the endothelial barrier on its intraluminal side. It is vital for the maintenance of vascular integrity in physiological conditions and most probably also in pathophysiological conditions.
Due to its sugar-based structure, it is highly vulnerable and in the context of critical conditions of patients, the development of endothelial dysfunction is always linked to a certain degree of damage of the glycocalyx. The current state of knowledge favours determining a presumption of a relationship between the function of the glycocalyx and volume replacement therapy.
Attempts to minimize damage (and to allow spontaneous recovery) are the only available rational concepts of maintaining integrity of the endothelium and reaching the maximal effect of infusion therapy. This narrative review article brings a summary of this topic and discusses arguments for consideration of the significance of the glycocalyx in the decision-making in fluid therapy.