Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a part of chronic kidney disease clinical presentation. Nowadays, it is seen as a part of mineral and bone disorder accompanying chronic kidney disease (chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, CKD-MBD).
It is associated with severe cardiovascular complications, especially with calcifications in vessels and soft tissues, left ventricular hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and microinflammation; it also hugely increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. According to the recent findings, manifest hyperphosphatemia represents a late feature of CKD-MBD while the retention of phosphates with all - prognostically negative - consequences occurs since early stages of the disease.
The treatment of hyperphosphatemia, forming an integral part of complex therapy of chronic kidney disease, includes not only dietary requirements and adequate hemodialysis but also pharmacotherapy with phosphate binders. We describe pathophysiological principles and relevant recent findings and we characterize the current therapeutic armamentarium available in cases of calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders.