Abstract
The article is focused on the situation of Bohemian Royal Towns in the last years of the reign of the king Ludovicus Jagiello and the first years of the reign of his successor Ferdinand I. Habsburg.
The author analyses especially the active participation of Bohemian Towns in the fatal battle of Mohács (1526) and tries to show the impact of the following political changes on their situation in the frames of Bohemian estate's system.