This article deals with the 50th anniversary of publication of Oto Novotný's book 'Of punishment and prisons' [O trestu a vězeňství]. There are four main parts of the article: Reasons why the book is viewed as exceptional even after fifty years; certain criticism of ideological excesses and shortages due to the period when the book was published; general and specific ways how Oto Novotný can inspire us even after twenty years.