Abstract
The publication is divided into two separate sections. The first part is devoted to the development of the protection and safety of the population in the history of humanity from the earliest stage of its existence, then in the period of the antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern period until the end of the 18th century.
In the antiquity, the outline of the development is focused on the areas and states that laid the foundations that were part of the system of protecting the population in the next stages of the development of society. The chapters on the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age focus on the development of the issue on the European continent and in our countries.
The period of modernity is focused on the development of a system of population protection in the context of the global world. The individual stages are divided into sections - armed forces, fortification, internal protection of the population and its legal framework, and medical and nursing care.