Abstract
The Orange River basin has long been stressed by water deficiency, due both to natural conditions and to the increasing demand for water. Several water management measures have been and are being implemented in the catchment area to accumulate and use water from the mountain to the rainfall of rich headwater areas.
We can observe improvements in the situation in the Vaal basin and some neighboring river basins, but the conditions in the lower part of the Orange River basin are getting noticeably worse in terms of both water quantity and water quality.