Abstract
Number of antidiabetic agents with higher expected efficacy are in different phases of development or indications of current therapeutic agents are extended further. Intranasally administered glucagon for immediate compensation of hypoglycemia shows results very similar to glucagon administered intramuscularly in clinical trial setting.
Owing to the easier and quicker administration, it can increase adherence of patients to the treatment and prevent the onset of severe hypoglycemia. Fast-onset insulin analog aspart was approved in the European Union in January 2017.
In comparison with conventional insulin aspart, it provides faster onset of action and smaller area under the curve of postprandial glycaemia. In the phase II clinical trial SUSTAIN-6 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, semaglutide, a long-acting efficient GLP-1 receptor agonist, significantly lowered cardiovascular risk evaluated in the composite endpoint that included classic complications of atherosclerosis, i.e., cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
It is expected that once-daily MK8521 - an intermediate-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist - will have comparable qualities to liraglutide. A device referred to as ITCA 650 is a miniature osmotic pump that is developed for subdermal implantation.
It contains exenatide that is released for 12 months in a constant and pre-defined rate. Long-term positive influence on glycemic compensation in diabetes and on weight reduction has been demonstrated.
Sotagliflozin is a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 cotransporter inhibitor. It improves compensation of the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is currently undergoing an evaluation phase of efficacy and safety in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.