This paper examines Songdo IBD, a new "green" and "smart" city in Incheon, South Korea, under the theoretical perspective of normative isomorphism in urban planning trends diffusion. It explains how the rationale of global competition and living the utopia leads to adoption of "u-eco-city" solutions such as Songdo IBD.
Further, the paper assembles critiques to the "u-eco-city" model: hinterland dependence, social exclusion and negative environmental externalities. I use them illustrate how coupling of a policy norm with market competition creates a coercive effect, leading to schizophrenic policy outcomes where the policy result contradicts its underlying principles.