Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional phase between cognitive changes in physiological aging and early dementia. The amnestic form of MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer's disease.
The increasing number of elderly persons in the population is associated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases including cognitive impairment and subsequent dementia. Aim: The aim of this work is to describe factors influencing the decrease of cognitive functions and development of MCI and subsequent dementia.
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity are more frequent during middle age and contribute to the risk of dementia in older age through various cerebrovascular diseases and inflammatory/neurodegenerative mechanisms. At the same time, impaired cognitive functioning is associated with behavioral and psychosocial factors.
The article provides an overview of potential vascular, behavioral and psychosocial risk factors for MCI and dementia. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors for MCI and dementia will allow early prevention and effective therapy of these serious diseases.