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Bricks and Barbarians: Spread of Brick Use among the Germanic Elites on the Middle Danube

Publication at Faculty of Arts |
2017

Abstract

The adaptation of brick making technology was a great milestone in the history of Roman empire. Fired brick substituted stone as cheaper material, which had the same durability, but was much easier to handle.

Thanks to the new material the Roman cities could fully evolve to theirs extend. The technology spread across the whole empire, and in the first century AD it reached its borders.

Area of the middle Danube was not an exception. During the Domitian reign the use of bricks become a standard within the legionary units and their building activities.

It was also the military units, which transmitted the technology over the borders, to the area inhabited by Germanic tribes. In this paper, I want to show development of brick use within the structures placed in "barbaricum".

The development is represented on three groups of building ceramics used on constructions, various in their purpose and date of use. First group relates to the military presence at the beginning of the second century AD and earliest use of building ceramics at Devín, Stupava and Veľký Kýr-Milanovce.

The second group is represented with material from the same sites, but relates to the change of the purpose of buildings from the military one to the private in the end of second century AD. The last group shows how the material was used on constructions of the residences made for the German elites at sites Oberleiserberg and Cífer-Pác in the fourth century AD.