The study deals with the ambivalent role of historical sights and traditions in the process of "socialist modernisation" of Czech cities in the first half of the 1950s. It emphasizes the reality that selectively positive relationship towards domestic cultural and historical heritage became a fundamental part of the policy of modernization of the Czechoslovakian Stalinism.
The cases of this particular situation are analysed in the context of the period, namely legitimating interpretative concept of the Czech history by Zdeněk Nejedlý, the imported Soviet doctrine of so-called socialistic realism, continuous tradition of Czech historic preservation, and low level of damage of the Czech cities during the WWII.