How can be the development of the relationship between the Czech state and churches and religious societies characterized in the period since the establishment of the restored Czech statehood in the year 1918 to the present? The author of this article focuses on the historical genesis of the often complicated relationship between Czech society and churches and the Roman Catholic Church in particular. The author tries to describe the centennial development of particular approaches of political representation from the formation of the Czechoslovakia up to now which deals with the question of separation and public supervision over the churches and other religious societies including their funding.