Abstract
The standard course of treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a sequential targeted therapy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been the mainstay of treatment in the past 15 years, and immunotherapy, in particular inhibitors of the programmed cell death (PD-1/ PD-L1) pathway, has become part of sequential strategies recently.
Cabozantinib, a tyrosin kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in patients following prior vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy or in treatment-naive patients with intermediate or poor risk.