The chapter is a result of the research project Proyecto I+D ref. FF1204-59140-P Catalogación y estudio de las traducciones de los Dominicos espaňoles y latinoamericanos.The Bartolomé de Las Casas' text Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias was translated into Czech from the Latin version in 1954 and published as a part of Political Library of the Czechoslovak Popular Party.
Our contribution is based mainly on the analysis of the peritexts and stresses the social and historical contexts of the edition, taking into consideration the position of the Catholic Church in the period of its publication.