Machine learning techniques just recently enabled dramatic improvementsinbothrealtimeandofflinerendering.Inthiscourse, weintroducethebasicprinciplesofmachinelearningandreview their relations to rendering. Besides fundamental facts like the mathematicalidentityofreinforcementlearningandtherendering equation,wecoverefficientandsurprisinglyelegantsolutionsto lighttransportsimulation,participatingmedia,andnoiseremoval.