ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Complications

Abstract

This chapter handles the following main areas where complications during parenteral nutrition may arise:

1) CVC related complications including infection, occlusion, central venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and accidental removal or damage;

2) admixture stability;

3) interactions between PN and medications;

4) metabolic bone disease;

5) hepatobiliary complications; and

6) effects of PN on growth parameters. Other types of complications (e.g. metabolic or nutritional complications, Refeeding syndrome) are described in other chapters of this Guideline.

Keywords

• central venous catheter
• all-in-one
• tissue-plasminogen activator
• trace-element contamination
• blood-stream infections
• intravenous lipid emulsions
• intestinal failure
• liver-disease
• one admixtures
• physicochemical stability