Abstract
This contribution is dedicated to the problem of the art of evangelization developed in New Spain during the sixteenth century in order to Christianize the native population. It begins with a brief presentation of the art of evangelization in its historical and social context, then it approaches this art from a gender perspective: it examines the presences (and their forms) of women with respect to those of men in various dimensions of social life (domestic, private or public), then the relations in which men and women present themselves (equality or differences - typology and meaning) and finally it observes and interprets the absence of women and their meanings.
On the basis of these data, it tries to reconstruct the discourse on women that prevailed in the process of Christianization of the native population of the New Spain of the sixteenth century, emphasizing issues such as motherhood, gender relations (violence and hierarchy), the works (production and distribution of goods, the politics of the state and the church) and education.