Abstract
This paper deals with the origin of ancient Rome. The earliest times of Roman history are firmly associated with the ancient nation of the Etruscans, who stood at the beginning of Roman civilization and influenced its future development in many different areas.
The paper attempts to explain briefly which role the members of the Etruscan nation played in the early beginning of the Roman state. Author's main goal is to compare the historical sources with contemporary scientific knowledge, not only in the field of history, but also in archaeology and even in genetics.