Contribution develops the theme of "Rameau's Discovery of Musical Harmony", which was published in the journal Ars-pro-toto (1-2, I, 2012). The current paper focuses on the influence of mechanistic philosophy and legacy of Cartesian thinking in conceiving a new theory Rameau's musical harmony, and parallel interprets the contemporary critique of this concept.
The emerging aesthetic dispute so form a background on which they are presented a completely different philosophical approaches to the interpretation of the term "nature" for the main representatives of these conflicting concepts: Rameau and Rousseau. A study is trying to show that just a different conception of the essence "nature" is the basis for understanding the aesthetic dispute.
This dispute from the viewpoint contemporary compositional practice showed itself in a completely contradictory evaluation of quality French and Italian music.