Abstrakt
The aim of the chapter is to review the development of the LGBT+ movement in the Czechia from the fall of the socialist regime to present day. First part of the paper introduces the slow and specific development of the civil society.
Also, the role of feminism as a discredited and within LGBT+ movement also conflicting discourse, and of sexology as a hegemonic discourse on sexuality and gender is discussed. The analytical section on the development of the Czech LGBT+ movement and the connected activism is introducing three distinctive phases.
First, the period of normalisation through tolerance of difference (and inferiority) that occurs during the 1990s and culminated with the adoption of the Registered Partnership Act in 2006. This period was characterised by the dominance of gay men; by fragmentation (Nedbálková 2016), and the ambivalent attitude of gay men, lesbians, and the trans people to feminism (e.g.
Sokolová 2006). Second, the period of the "restructuring" of the LGBT+ community with a shift towards greater visibility (Sokolová and Fojtová 2013) past 2013.
This, as I argue, is followed by the current period of "homonormalisation" with a shift of visibility to "normal (primarily lesbian) families", efforts to legalize step-child adoption, same-sex marriage, and the abolition of the adoption ban for same-sex couples. Each phase has a short transitory, sometimes conflictual and queering diversion/moment that interrupts constantly (re)forming conformist, transactional, and normalizing approach of the movement.
The development of LGBT+ movement is discussed within the framework of the model of strategic orientation from Downey and Rohlinger (2008).