Preparation of (Pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes by Direct Fluorination of Diaryldisulfides: Synthetic Approach and Mechanistic Aspects
Abstract
Direct fluorination of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted aromatic thiols and disulfides using elemental fluorine afforded substituted (pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes. This work thus represents the first study of the scope and limitation of direct fluorination for the synthesis of new SF5-containing building blocks.
Fluorinations in batch and flow modes were compared. A comprehensive computational study was carried out employing density functional and wave function methods to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the transformation of ArSF3 into ArSF5.
Eliminating various nonradical pathways, it has been shown that the reaction proceeds by a radical mechanism, initiated by the attack of the F-. on the ArSF3 moiety, propagated via an almost barrierless F-2+ArSF4.-> ArSF5+F-. step and terminated by the ArSF4.+F-.-> ArSF5. Most of the calculated data are in very good agreement with experimental observations concerning the ortho-substituent effect on the reaction rates and yields.