Determination of tumour biomarkers homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid using flow injection analysis with amperometric detection at a boron doped diamond electrode
Abstract
A new method for the simultaneous determination of two tumour biomarkers, homovanillic (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), using flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection (AD) at a commercially available boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was developed. It was found that this method is suitable for the determination of HVA (in the presence of VMA) and VMA (in the presence of HVA) in optimum medium of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 mol L-1, pH 3.0).
Calibration dependences consist of two linear parts for both biomarkers, the first one being in the concentration range from 1 to 10 mu mol L-1 and the second one from 10 to 100 mu mol L-1 (with obtained LODs 0.44 mu mol L-1 for HVA and 0.34 mu mol L-1 for VMA, respectively). To minimize any negative effects related to the passivation of the working electrode, suitable cleaning pulses (+2.4 V for 30 s) were imposed on the working electrode after each measurement.
An attempt to use FIA with multiple pulse amperometric detection to determine both analytes in one run was not successful. Changing potentials in short intervals in multiple pulse detection probably results in mutual interaction of analytes and/or products of their electrochemical oxidation, thus preventing the application of this approach.