Factors influencing persistence of diphtheria immunity and immune response to a booster dose in healthy slovak adults
Abstract
We assessed the long-term persistence of humoral immunity against diphtheria in adults with childhood vaccination and the immunogenicity of a booster dose considering demographic, behavioural and vaccinating factors. We conducted a trial in 200 healthy Slovak adults aged 24-65 years, immunised against diphtheria in childhood and against tetanus at regular 10-15 year intervals, and receiving a dose of a tetanus-diphtheria toxoid vaccine.
The response was determined by ELISA antibody concentrations of paired sera before and at 4 weeks post-vaccination. A seroprotection rate of 21% (95% confidence interval, CI 15.6-27.3%) was found in adults up to 59 years since the last vaccination with seroprotective levels of antibodies against diphtheria >=0.1 IU/mL and a geometric mean concentration of 0.05 IU/mL.
Conversely, seropositive levels >=0.01 IU/mL were observed in 98% of adults (95% CI 95-99.5%). Booster-induced seroprotection was achieved in 78% of adults (95% CI 71.6-83.5%) clearly depending on pre-booster antibody levels correlating with age and time since the last vaccination.
Moreover, only 54.2% of smokers and 53.3% of patients on statins exhibited seroprotection. Booster vaccination against diphtheria was unable to confer seroprotection in all recipients of only childhood vaccination.