Abstract
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin V2 receptor blocker that increases free water excretion without affecting the rate of sodium excretion. It is a diuretic with a unique mechanism of action that is primarily used in treating the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and in the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
With tolvaptan treatment, the risk of drug interactions must be kept in mind, since it is a CYP3A4 substrate. Moreover, particularly at the beginning of treatment, it is necessary to frequently check liver tests and mineral panel as well as educate patients on the need for sufficient hydration and secure access to fluids throughout the treatment course.
The most common adverse effects include xerostomia, excessive thirst sensation, and urinary frequency.