This chapter describes the normal anatomy, histology and microflora of the vagina and a selection of benign vaginal diseases, including inflammatory and other disorders, with an emphasis on their etiopathogenesis and morphological features that may be necessary to achieve their correct diagnoses. Pathologic differential diagnosis is described in detail, especially in entities which can be confused with some premalignant or malignant diseases, such as malacoplakia, vaginal cysts and tumour-like lesions including fibroepithelial polyps, tubulosquamous polyps, postoperative spindle cell nodules and prolapsed fallopian tube.
A discussion of vaginal adenosis is also included, including its historical perspective.