This study is a part of a collective monograph and it is composed of the following parts:
1. What is necessary to say in the introduction.
2. Modern times and modernization.
3. Middle classes and capitalism.
4. National emancipation and political participation.
5. Emancipation of the women and social question.
6. What could be said in the conclusion. Author of this study perceives the social modernization in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown as a global historical movement, which was not connected only with the set of historical conflicts, but also with optimistic expectances of many people.