Abstract
Modern immuntheraoy based on immune checkpoints inhibitors is an innovative treatment, which is already used in the treatment of a number of malignancies, and many ohter checkpoint inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) or PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand) are the most commonly used agents.
The side effects of these treatments are similar in nature to those of autoimunne diseases. Recently increasing evidence has indicated that some adverse effects of immunotherapy are associated with the beneficial effect of this treatment.