This second part of the series on the history of biological sciences over the last century focuses on botany and its associated disciplines du-ring the interwar period and the war, inclu-ding in particular floristic research centres and their changing methodology (Karel Domin, Josef Podpěra), the internationally significant development of algology and mycology at Czech and German institutes and the importance of Bohumil Němec's university institute and laboratory for the development of the experimental fields of plant anatomy, physiology and cytology.