Validation of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with deep brain stimulation
Abstract
Background: The Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FoG-Q) is a fast and sensitive assessment tool for freezing (FoG). Objective: The objective of the study is for validation of a Czech version of FoG-Q.
A further, explorative aim was to examine what FoG-Q indicates about the presence and severity of gait impairment in patients treated with DBS in their full OFF state. Design: The study was a cross-sectional validation study.
Methods: We translated FoG-Q following standardized validation protocol. We assessed 35 patients with PD and STN DBS using history taking, UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr staging, Mini Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, FoG-Q, Short Falls Efficacy Scale International, and Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition.
UPDRS III, clinical and instrumental gait assessment, was repeated OFF MED/DBS OFF and OFF MED/DBS ON. Results: Internal consistency of FoG-Q was excellent (α = 0.91) as well as convergent (significant correlations with UPDRS II item 14, UPDRS III item 29, several TUG parameters, and FoG Score) and divergent validity (no association with UPDRS I).
OFF MED/DBS OFF, the total FoG-Q score correlated with UPDRS III items 29, 30, and PIGD subscore, step time variability, and negatively with step length and velocity. Limitations: Limitation of the study is a relatively small sample size.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the Czech translation of FoG-Q is valid. With respect to gait and balance, FoG-Q does, to a certain extent, reflect the native state of the disease in patients treated with high frequency STN DBS.