The application of Raman spectroscopic techniques to the characterisation of the protective biochemicals used in the survival strategies of extremophilic organisms in terrestrially stressed environments (Wynn-Williams and Edwards, 2000a, 2000b), coupled with the palaeogeological recognition that early Mars and Earth had maintained similar environments under which Archaean cyanobacteria could have developed (McKay,1997), has driven the proposal for the adoption of Raman spectroscopy as novel analytical instrumentation for planetary exploration