Abstract
Cognitive disorders, in most cases of a temporary nature, often occur after surgery. Referring to them we use the term of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD).
Cognition can be affected in its multiple functions. Usually, executive functions, various components of memory, speed of thinking and attention are affected.
A higher incidence of this disorder is to be found in the elderly population. POCD is measurable by psychometric tests.
The strongest manifestations usually last up to a week after anesthesia and surgery, they weaken significantly or disappear within three months, and they exceptionally persist for up to one year. Very rarely, anesthesia and surgery can trigger the development of dementia.
This is especially true in people with pre-existing brain changes leading to dementia, such as people with clinically dumb Alzheimer's disease. POCD is not yet recognized as a separate independent diagnostic unit.
Interestingly, POCD develops not only after general anesthesia, but also after regional anesthesia. A similar clinical picture may arise in patients after intensive care in the ICU, especially associated with resuscitation.
Postoperative delirium occurs most often in the elderly, especially after orthopedic, cardiac and vascular surgeries. It usually occurs within 30 days of surgery, more often in patients who have been treated in intensive care units.