This study deals with the main problems of Jaspers's concept of existentialist philosophy of freedom and explores its deepest philosophical and theological problems and paradoxes. Unlike Heidegger and Sartre, Jaspers conceived human freedom in its relation to religious belief in Transcendence and refused the modern scientific account of human beings.
The study also emphasises that Jaspers's concept of freedom had not only theoretical, but also ethical meaning, and that the main goal of his philosophy was to build a deeper philosophical account of modern humanism. The final part of the study stresses its significance for contemporary postmodern philosophical thought and its great legacy for modern Czech philosophy.