Abstract
Differential diagnosis of autoimmune CNS disorders is facilitated by the assessment of aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG). These autoantibodies are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and MOG encephalomyelitis, respectively.
Furthermore, these antibodies can confirm a considered diagnosis. The diagnosis of NMOSD can be based on clinical manifestation, e. g., severe optic neuritis and/or complete transverse myelitis.
Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of NMOSD is often challenging in incomplete transverse myelitis, brainstem symptoms, and optic neuritis with a good response to corticosteroid treatment. MRI findings and the absence of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid can lead to a correct diagnosis.
The most common disorders in the differential diagnosis for NMOSD are MS, ischemic lesions, and tumors.