Non-coding rnas as biomarkers of tumor progression and metastatic spread in epithelial ovarian cancer
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death among gynecological malig-nancies. Molecular changes occurring in the primary tumor lead to metastatic spread into the peritoneum and the formation of distant metastases.
Identification of these changes helps to reveal the nature of metastases development and decipher early biomarkers of prognosis and disease progres-sion. Comparing differences in gene expression profiles between primary tumors and metastases, together with disclosing their epigenetic regulation, provides interesting associations with progression and metastasizing.
Regulatory elements from the non-coding RNA families such as mi-croRNAs and long non-coding RNAs seem to participate in these processes and represent potential molecular biomarkers of patient prognosis. Progress in therapy individualization and its proper targeting also rely upon a better understanding of interactions among the above-listed factors.
This review aims to summarize currently available findings of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs linked with tumor progression and metastatic process in ovarian cancer. These biomolecules provide promising tools for monitoring the patient's response to treatment, and further they serve as potential therapeutic targets of this deadly disease.