Abstract
The issue of pediatric tracheostomy is usually adressed in a multidisciplinary manner. In addition to otorhinolaryngologists, they are mainly anesthesiologists, pediatricians, surgeons, pneumologists, neurologists, but also physioterapists.
The care of a tracheostomized child differs from caring of an adult in many ways. The proper implementation is essential for patient safety.
Significant inconsistencies are noted across different fields in the fundamental procedures of care of tracheostomized pediatric patients. Cannula replacement interval, suitable cannula type for individual situations and other are typical examples.
An increase in the extended indications for pediatric tracheostomies has been seen in recent years thanks to advances in medicine. This trend, however, also entail an increase in numbers of long-term tracheostomized patients.
We present an outline of basic situations related to pediatric tracheostomy from indications, basic technical procedures, types of cannulas to early and long-term care of tracheostomy. The cooperation of parents/carers and their training, including the provision of appropriate aids, are essential for home care.