Exercise associated muscle cramps are quite often problem of sporting individuals, fortunately mostly not serious one. Dehydration and electrolyte depletion were considered as the cause for a long time, nevertheless scientific evidence for this etiology is weak.
Nowadays the neurogenic nature of exercise associated muscle cramps is widely accepted, but this explanation does not elucidate this phenomenon completely. We present a state of the art in pathophysiology and management of exercise associated muscle cramps.