Design and synthesis of novel tacrine-indole hybrids as potential multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
The authors report on the synthesis and biological evaluation of new compounds whose structure combines tacrine and indole moieties. Tacrine-indole heterodimers were designed to inhibit cholinesterases and beta-amyloid formation, and to cross the blood-brain barrier.
The most potent new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were compounds 3c and 4d (IC50 = 25 and 39 nM, respectively). Compound 3c displayed considerably higher selectivity for acetylcholinesterase relative to human plasma butyrylcholinesterase in comparison to compound 4d (selectivity index: IC50 [butyrylcholinesterase]/IC50 [acetylcholinesterase] = 3 and 0.6, respectively).
Furthermore, compound 3c inhibited beta-amyloid-dependent amyloid nucleation in the yeast-based prion nucleation assay and displayed no dsDNA destabilizing interactions with DNA. Compounds 3c and 4d displayed a high probability of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
The results support the potential of 3c for future development as a dual-acting therapeutic agent in the prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.