Pilot study of incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers (C44) in two localities in the Krušné hory foothills and exposure of carcinogenic factors from mining
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this project was to find out if arsenic and heavy metals from coal mining and coal burning could participate in the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers (C44) in the population of the Krušné hory foothills, which has a history of polymetallic ore mining. Methodology: The 2017-2019 project of the Czech Science Foundation used questionnaire surveys to monitor the relationships between environmental factors, lifestyle, hobbies, nutrition and incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Participation of patients was voluntary and anonymous. Excel software and R+ regression model were used.
Monitoring of PM10 air pollution by arsenic and heavy metals took place in Lom near Most and Sokolov. A total of 69 male and 69 female subjects including controls participated.
Results: Hundreds of kilograms of heavy metals are emitted into the air in the Krušné hory foothills despite large scale remedial measures. The amount of persistent pollutants in the environment has been increasing, but at slower rate than before.
The incidence of cancers, including skin cancers, is increasing despite the fact that the airborne concentration of carcinogens is low. This could be explained by long-term exposure during the life span of exposed persons.
Compared to other districts incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers in this region is lower. Conclusion: The results confirmed higher incidence of skin cancers in male subjects.
An important factor for disease was work outdoors involving contact with chemical substances. Increased exposure was probably caused by domestic gardening and consumption of home-grown produce.
Long-term development of oncological disorders requires that population exposure to carcinogens is addressed.