Abstract
Arterio-ureteral fistula is a rare life threatening cause of gross haematuria. The aim is to present two cases with this condition.
Both cases presented with gross haematuria and had a history of vascular and pelvic surgery with radiotherapy and regular ureteral stent reinsertion. Even though it is a rare condition, it appears to be more frequent than we previously thought according to described cases in literature.
Moreover its incidence can be expected to increase with aging population, extensive oncological treatment, improved cancer survival and thus higher risk of secondary complications. Therefore it is crucial to consider this possible complication and use multidisciplinary treatment especially in cooperation with interventional radiologist and vascular surgeon.