Pathogenesis of covid-19: principles of viral infection and immune response

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection manifests itself with several clinical forms, from an asymptomatic course to a life-threatening multiple-organ dysfunction. In terms of pathogenesis, these clinical forms can be divided into a group of mucosal infections (respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis) and internal organ infections (especially pneumonia).

Of particular concern is the dysregulated immune response associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα) which is otherwise typical of severe bacterial infections. Knowledge of the pathogenetic context allows for better interpretation of the virological and serological findings and aids in choosing an individualized covid-19 treatment.

Keywords

• Covid-19
• Immune response
• Pathogenesis
• SARS-CoV-2