This volume partly stems from a conference held by the SIEF Working Group in the Ethnology of Religion in Siena, 20-22 September 2018, partly from direct request to contribute to it sent afterwards. The two nouns that title both the conference and this volume, "religion" and "politics", have a stratified history and a problematic genealogy, which has resulted, in the last few decades, in oceans of ink being spilled to pen debates and opinions about them and their relation.