Transaortic or Pulmonary Artery Drainage for Left Ventricular Unloading in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support: A Porcine Cardiogenic Shock Model
Abstrakt
The peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal life support (V-A ECLS) in cardiogenic shock (CS) may lead to LV overload. The transaortic suction device (Impella, ABIOMED Inc., Danvers, MA) was compared to the pulmonary artery (PA) drainage, for LV unloading efficacy during V-A ECLS in a porcine cardiogenic shock model.
A dedicated CS model included 12 swine (21 +- 1.8-week-old and weighing 54.3 +- 4.6 kg) supported with V-A ECLS and randomized to Impella or PA-related LV drainage. LV unloading and end-organ perfusion were evaluated through the PA catheter and LV pressure/volume analysis.
The LV end-diastolic volume sharply dropped with Impella (143.6 +- 67.4 vs 123 +- 75.7 mL) compared to a slight decrease in the PA cannula group (134.1 +- 39.9 vs 130.1 +- 34.7 mL), resulting in an overall stroke work and pressure-volume area reductions with both techniques. However, stroke work reduction was more significant in the Impella group (V-A ECLS 3998.8 +- 2027.6 vs V-A ECLS + Impella 1796.9 +- 1033.9 mm Hg x mL, P = 0.016), leading to a more consistent pressure-volume area reduction (Impella reduction 34.7% vs PA cannula reduction 9.7%) In terms of end organ perfusion, central and mixed O2 saturation improved with V-A ECLS, and subsequently, remaining unchanged with either Impella or PA cannula as unloading strategy (SVmO2: Impella 86.0 +- 5.8 vs 87.8 +- 5.8; PA cannula 82.5 +- 10.7 vs 82.5 +- 11.3 %).
Transaortic suction and PA drainage provided effective LV unloading during V-A ECLS while maintaining adequate end-organ perfusion. Impella provides a greater LV unloading effect and reduces more effectively the total LV stroke work.