Abstract
The article confronts the literary approach to the interpretation of biblical books with the principles of language theory, the communication process of spoken language and the phenomenon of written text. It shows the multifunctionality of language as a tool for depicting and communicating various manifestations of human interiority and human spirit in the sphere of intellect, will, creative poetics and aspirations of man as a social being.
It follows that the Bible, as a canonical collection of various linguistic and literary genres and forms, must be interpreted not only by methods which presuppose conceptual, stylistic and genre homogeneity, but by the so-called "sapiential" approach. We need the authority of a sage who introduces disciples to a deeper understanding of the whole biblical message.
This approach appropriately opens up the interpretation of biblical texts for their theological and spiritual reading. According to Jewish and Christian tradition, the Bible, as a human artifact, is at the same time the way in which God communicates himself and his message to human beings.
The comprehensive theological method - according to the dogmatic constitution of the Second Vatican Council "Dei verbum", article 12 - must integrate both aspects.