Abstract
Nephrolithiasis in a kidney from both living and deceased donors poses a risk of urinary tract obstruction, infection and graft loss, all in the absence of typical symptoms of renal colic, but rather manifested by vague discomfort, fever, oliguria, hematuria and creatinine elevation in hydronephrosis. The development of endoscopic methods and instruments offers the possibility of mini-invasive procedures for urolithiasis during the kidney transplantation itself - ex vivo ureterorenoscopy and ex vivo pyelolithotomy with the extraction of the lithiasis (also called bench surgery).
According to our results and published literature, these procedures are associated with a high stone-free rate and a low risk of complications (compared to the complexity of post-transplant procedures for urolithiasis). Therefore, despite the current absence of precise recommendations, they should be part of the portfolio of the transplant centres.