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Laws as Divine Beings. Personification in Plato's Crito

Publication at Faculty of Arts |
2020

Abstract

The chapter analyzes the speech of the personified Laws in Plato's Crito, with an emphasis on the motivation of this unexpected personification. On the one hand, it takes a closer look on how this stylistic means differs quite strongly from other thematizations of laws in Plato's dialogues.

On the other hand, it also demonstrates that the speech of the Laws, as presented by Socrates, agrees with various passages from other dialogues where Plato intends to connect human law to divine authority. This second moment connect to the equally strong emphasis on divine guarantee as irreducible to particular laws of human cities.

It is divine justice that brings in the eschatological horizon of the immortal soul whose responsibility for its actions does not expire with the death of human individual. In this context, the personification of a higher-than-human authority in the Crito reminds us of complex relation between the political laws of various cities and the issue of just actions.