Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity is a particularly important research field for therapeutics. There are numerous hepatotoxins but a limited number of hepatoprotective drugs.
Oxidative stress plays a key role in hepatotoxicity. Over the past decade, polyphenols have gained more attention, due to their ameliorative involvement in a myriad of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Likewise, the stress-responsive histone deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), has been the focus of the greatest investigation as a potential gateway to the many positive health benefits of polyphenols. In this chapter, we focus on the therapeutic potential of SIRT1-activating compounds in experimental models of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of SIRT1 in hepatoprotection/hepatotoxicity.