Abstract
From the antique times the concepts of the law and the justice have been studied in Europe. The generations of philosophers, politicians, lawyers and theologians discussed the topic of a relation between both categories of concepts.
Anthropological data suggest that the idea of justice is in play as a very important impulse influencing the human behaviour in the everyday praxis. The achievement of justice or the threat of the achievement of justice forces the social groups being in a conflict to negotiate; they force them to close an agreement and to form common law of the moment.
Ideas of justice do not represent sort of the ideal picture of the social behaviour only; they are an important tool to be used to think out the conflicts between the social groups. Same principles of the use of the ideas of justice for resolving the social conflicts we can find as in the tribal as in the state societies or as in the antique as in the modern societies.