Whereas the year 1989 symbolizes the victory of globalization anduniversalistic values in Central Europe, 2015 may stand for the reaf-firmation of national sovereignty and cultural particularism. Dur-ing the refugee crisis of that year, humanitarianism was rejectedin the name of national identity, abstract moral principles werereplaced with concrete obligations to one's ascribed group andthe memory of a particular past superseded an open future for hu-mankind.
Christian heritage was invoked not in order to strengthenpan-human solidarity but rather for the opposite purpose: asa badge of one's identity - national or European - that had to bedefended against the threatening Muslim Othe